Measuring Respect free essay sample

Campbell-Ewald, an award winning integrated communications agency, noticed that their customer relationship management (CRM) solutions were not meeting the expectations that they should. In order to gain an understanding of how respect influences customer loyalty and purchasing, they team up with a research company, Synovate and developed three different surveys. The surveys consisted of 27 to 29 attitudinal statements that customer use a 5-point scale to rate. They statements were designed to measure how the customers defined respect and how important respect was in determining a purchase. They selected more than 5,000 customers from each business sectors: insurance, automotive, and retail, and mailed them the survey to complete. The customers they selected to survey were adults at least 18 years of age (Cooper Schindler, 2011). Once they had received the completed surveys they analyzed the results. They then used the results to validate the relevance of its five â€Å"People Principles†. The five â€Å"People Principles† were: ? Appreciate me ?Intentions don’t matter; actions do ?Listen; then you’ll know what I said. We will write a custom essay sample on Measuring Respect or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ?It’s about me, not about you. ?Admit it- you goofed! These five â€Å"People Principles† have helped companies like General Motors, Continental Airlines, and Farmers Insurance incorporate respectful behaviors into their business operations (Cooper Schindler, 2011). When Campbell-Ewald and Synovate developed the surveys they knew that they needed to address respect from all areas such as how a customer ranks respect to loyalty, respect to purchases, respect to continue purchases, and respect to referrals. By gaining a complete overview on how a customer reviews respect then they could develop the five â€Å"People Principles† that their clients could use to improve customer service, increase revenue, gain a competitive advantage, and build a thriving business. Campbell-Ewald knew that their research, findings, and developments would be what would make them successful. By using the numerical scale survey they were placing the same standards on all statements, which make the evaluation process easier. When conducting a survey, the more customers you select to survey will increase the number of responses that a research company will receive back. It is not likely that all 5000 customers responded but I am sure well over 50 percent responded, which gave them a diverse poll of responses. Whereas, if they had chose to survey only 100 customers then they may have received only 30 responses, which is not enough when conducting such research. Using the numerical scale makes tally and measuring the result easier, which will make the comparison easier. Also, by using the numerical scale a research firm eliminates the opportunity for researchers to be swayed by a person comments or opinions, a person either agrees or does not agree with no explanation.

buy custom Fiscal Policy Alternatives essay

buy custom Fiscal Policy Alternatives essay First of all one need to know what fiscal policy is; what is the need of discussing something that is not known? Fiscal policy is defined as a way by which a government adjusts the level of spending, to monitor or/and influence the economy of the nations they rule or control. It is the sister strategy to a policy known as monetary policy. With these two policies a central bank influences a nation's money supply. What is the use of these two policies? Since fiscal policy and monetary policy are sister strategies, they have a similar use. These two policies are important because they are used in variety of combinations with a goal to direct a country's economic goals. Here, we will take note of how fiscal policy works, why and how it can be monitored and how its implementation can affect people in an economy Before the United States experienced the Great Depression, the government's approach to the economy was by use laissez faire. Following the WWII, it was determined that the government had to take a major role in the economy for the regulation of unemployment, cycles of business, inflation and money cost. By using a mixture of both policies mentioned earlier (depending on political orientations and philosophies of those ruling at a particular time, one policy may dominate over another), governments are able to control economic phenomena.The focus of a country should be infrastructure development which will link many places and create jobs for the large number of unemployed citizens. (Mariger, 1986) Fiscal policy is based on the theories of an economist John Maynard Keynes from Britain. Also known as Keynesian economics, this theory basically states that government can vary the macroeconomic productive levels by either increasing or decreasing the level of taxation and public spending. This influence therefore curbs inflation. Effects of fiscal policies and simulation 1. Simulation and work incentives 2. Simulation and labor productivity 3. Simulation and business investment decisions 4. Simulation and infrastructure development Effects of fiscal policies on the Pattern of demand and supply When demand and supply are at equilibrium, the producers feel that there is a balance between what they produce and what is consumed. This in return will make them produce more goods and services to supply the market, so they can make more income. If the income of the producer was $100 dollars and it increases to $180, this is the effect of simulation. This increase in production also leads to an increase in expenditure, it also leads to an increase in expenditure on goods and service of other industries. Thesecompanies that supply the manufacturers also get to sell more of their goods and services; therefore, they also experience an increase in income. This process continues among all the industries involved; their income and expenditure keeps going up until a new equilibrium between income and expenditure is reached. This in return leads to a new equilibrium between aggregate demand and aggregate supply; this new equilibrium is above the original equilibrium. Alternatively, changes in indirect taxes can have an effect on the pattern of demands of goods and services. We can take an example of cigarettes and alcohol, a research I did. The rising value of these two commodities is designed so it can cause a substitution effect among the consumers, thereby, the demands of the goods reduce. This goods are, therefore, known as de-merit goods. In contrast, the financial subsidy of a government to producers has an effect of reducing the cost of the producers selling price and production cost and thus encourages an expansion of demand. If, for now, we take a look at effects of changes in fiscal policy due to simulation, we will see that it affects a nation positively. What were the growing further and the results? Can the incentive work be affected by changes in income tax?This remains acontroversial subject in the economic literature. Considerthe impact if the basic rate of income tax is increased oran increase in rate of contributions in national insurance. Rise in direct taxhas the effect of reducing post-tax income ofthose in work, because total netincome lowers for each hour of worktaken. This might encourage the individual to work extrahours for the maintenance of his/her target income. Conversely, the effect might be to encourage less work since the higher tax might actas a work disincentive. Of course many workers have little flexibility in the working hours. They will berequired to worka certain number of hours and there will be no alternation in that even there are changes indirect tax rate. The government has introduced a lower starting rate of income taxfor those who earn little income. Thisis designed to providean incentive for people to workextra hours andkeep more of their earnings. What is the impact of an increase in the basic rate of income tax or the rate of national insurance contributions? Rise in direct tax causes the reduction of the post-tax income of working individuals. Who? It is straightforward, for each working hour taken the total net income is lowered. An individual is, therefore, motivated to work extra hours to maintain his or her target income. Conversely, this effect encourages less work because the high tax acts as a disincenntive to work. They at a time are contracted to work for a given period that changes direct tax rates. Governments have introduced lower income taxations for lower income earners. This provides an incentive for people to work for extra and extra hours so that they can keep more of what they earn. Change in income taxes, an increase in income tax may be advantageous to generate revenue for the government, but at the same time, it may be harmful for the tax payers; this is because they may not manage to pay the high taxes that they charged. This may lead to low standards of living to the tax payers; this is because if they pay high taxes, they may not afford the essential things that they need. The government should also increase their expenditure on various sectors that they need to improve to curb the inflation; increase in government expenditure also lowers the interest rates as well as leads to a reduction in taxes. This in return reduces the burden that is passed to consumers as taxes. Middleton (2006) states that in this era of massive inflation the government should not ignore the rising numbers of unemployed; they should consider the Keynesian theory to stabilize the economy Investment in education The government should also spend more on education of the low income earners in the population; this should be geared towards the achievement of a literate population. A population made of literate people is highly productive; this is because everybody is able to contribute towards the growth of the economy. An economy that has a majority of educated population grows in innovation and technology advancement; this is brought by the highly educated population. However, education should not be given priority over infrastructure development; this is because the even if the unemployed population is given education, it cannot get employment opportunities in the short run. How do you apply what you have learnt in the work place? 1. Lowering the cost of goods to increase demands 2. Encourage extra working hours 3. Employ hardworking people. Some of the obstacles policy makers face is deciding how much involvement a government should have on the economy. It is clear that the government is to be involved to a certain extent so that a vibrant economy is attained. The government needs to invest in the most important fiscal policies that will benefit the whole country and lead to economic growth. Examples that simulation has had on the economy include changing the interest rates, investing on infrastructure, and increase on government spending on provision of incentives among others. When the economy has these factors in place, it is able to fight inflation and attain some economic growth. Buy custom Fiscal Policy Alternatives essay

Hotel Industry in Songdo in South Korea Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Hotel Industry in Songdo in South Korea - Essay Example So in today's world of business amidst red ocean strategy, it is necessary to adopt appropriate marketing method to promote your business through various tools and techniques in order to attract more and more customers. (Kim and Renee, 2005)1 Singapore which is renowned international business hub known for its world class infrastructure facilities is also a growing tourist destination. In a study, it is identified that hotels of Singapore have adopted and integrated information technology into their marketing strategy which was successfully incorporated the technology into their marketing campaign. (Choon - Chiang Leong, 2001)2 Similarly Songdo International City which is touted as the next Asian business hub is attracting numerous international ventures to start their businesses of all types as the city provides best infrastructure, facilities along with diverse customer base. Songdo International City is planned in such a way that good portion of the place is given for the establishment of hotels only. (http://www.songdo.com) So the industries trying to open their hotel in Songdo city can ask nothing better than this. In order to support the decision of opening a new hotel at Song do and to decide on which strategic ma rketing method to use for the promotion of the hotel, two reputed hotels were selected for the purpose of interview. The present chapter consists of analysis of the interview through comparison of both the hotels strategy of approach towards marketing and how do they manage to attract customers. Data Analysis Rutherford and O'Fallon (2007) states that as strategic marketing is umbrella to lot many marketing methods, but strategic marketing for the hotel industry should be limited to its realms and genesis only. Further the argument of Fetch Waller was also highlighted by Rutherford and O'Fallon stating that definition of marketing should be broadened in order to include all the operational aspects of the hotel. Moreover Waller reiterates illustrated the relationship between marketing and operations as a continuing process without which the hotels cannot remain competitive. As hotels are 24/7 business, it is necessary to evolve , innovate and adopt new marketing strategy each and every time in order to stay in and above the competition. 3 The interviews were conducted in the marketing and sales department of two hotels situated in Songdo City namely 'Ramada' and 'Best Western Premier Songdo Park Hotel'. When asked about the motive behind establishing a hotel in Songdo city, both the personnel representing their respective hotels replied that the place is hub of business and will turn into Asia's next business hub that will attract lots of businesses, which means many more conglomerations, seminars, and other business related activities. (Interviewee Jang and Jang, 2009) So it is clear from the above details that it is a place where most of the business happens and target customers are the business organizations for the present and in near future as well. Regarding difficulties in establishing the business in Song-do, the Ramada hotel representative stated that the hotel is actually a takeover of the already established hotel with little bit of renovation but representative of the Best Western Hotel stated that they had to struggle to get the license for the casinos and other gambling games which limited their targeted customers to only business and tourists as casinos and gambling are not the integral part of the Korean culture. This statement

The New World through the Eyes of Christopher Columbus Research Paper

The New World through the Eyes of Christopher Columbus - Research Paper Example In the year 1492, when Columbus found the New World, a large number of changes were taking place all over the world. The European nations at the time were undergoing vast changes with respect to imperialism as well as striving to improve their economies in comparison to economies of other lands. This was when the mercantile era began to fully flourish and grow; agricultural production had also begun to slowly reach a high. Thus, developing nations and countries were trying hard to eliminate all kinds of competition from in and around them in order to gain the maximum amount of power and somehow try and rule the world. Thus, this exploration or voyage by Columbus really helped the European nations to triumph over other nations and get a good head start in terms of production and trade. In no time, these nations indeed did take over many other nations in what came to be known as the colonial period established by the Europeans. The modern day Americas and Australia were first referred to as the New World by Columbus during the middle ages; he had neither chanced upon any other person that had traveled to such far-off lands; and nor had he any inkling whatsoever of the same with the help of maps or compasses. This helped to expand the geographical horizon of the planet further. The usage of the words â€Å"New World’ is historically very important because the coning of this term helps to divide the time periods of the planet on the basis of geographical discoveries.  

The theme of resistance to social norms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The theme of resistance to social norms - Essay Example By examining how she wrote about the theme of female subjugation behind a male-dominated conception, Charlotte Perkins Gilman demonstrated how the non-conforming female character has no choice but to fail. The woman protagonist, who never provides her name, is instructed to remain isolated in an upper room of a remote country house, which she does although reluctantly. As she confides to the reader, she actually felt that another room might be better for her, but this idea was overruled by her solicitous and educated husband and doctor as he continues to put his own desires first. â€Å"I wanted one downstairs that opened on the piazza and had roses all over the window, and such pretty old-fashioned chintz hangings! but John would not hear of it. He said there was only one window and not room for two beds, and no near room for him if he took another.† The room she is placed in is thought to have originally been a nursery, with bars on the windows and old faded yellow wallpaper attached to the walls. This association only serves to highlight her helpless position within the house, particularly as she mentions, even very early in the story, â€Å"He [John] is very careful and lo ving, and hardly lets me stir without special direction. I have a schedule prescription for each hour in the day; he takes all care from me.† Through the course of the story, the woman transforms from an individual who adores the outside and green growing things expressing thoughts and feelings of her own to the horrifying and creeping artificial creation of man as he has shaped her. The idea of the perfect woman is reinforced in The Yellow Wallpaper in the characters of Mary and Jenny, who collectively replace the narrator in her own home, indicating the easy interchangeability of women within this society. â€Å"It is fortunate Mary is so good with the baby† is the only information we’re given of this ideal of

Money Laundering Impact on Mauritius Economy

Money Laundering Impact on Mauritius Economy The purpose of the study concerned the impact of money laundering and its effects on the local economic and method of laundering technique in Mauritius. Money Laundering is very vast in nature; it consists of various steps, technique and approach of undertaking such unlawful activity. The research analyzes the economic effects of Money laundering in the Mauritian Economic. The research work will attempt to examine the money laundering activities and the usefulness of prevention and detection techniques by local companies. The method that is to be used is mainly studying available research papers so that we get a maximum of information. The purpose of this study is to provide the general public a broad idea on money laundering with some existed solutions. The research will be in the main interest of financial institution, Government and General Public. 2.0 Literature Review 2.1 What is Money Laundering? Money laundering is the process by which money is obtained illegally. Various types of frauds corruption, cooking the books, involve money which has been preceded by several criminal acts. Individual or groups make illegal gains by carrying out these criminal acts and often swindle high amounts. Money laundering makes it possible to legitimate ill-gotten gains through computer crimes, insider trading, and bribery where these produce large amounts of profits. Money laundering takes place within all types of profit-motivated crime, such as embezzlement, fraud, misappropriation, corruption, robbery, distribution of narcotic drugs, and trafficking in human beings (ÃÆ'ËÅ"kokrim, 2008). 2.2 Characteristics of Money Laundering Money Laundering consists of a series of various transactions used to change the source of financial assets so as these assets can be used without compromising the criminals offences. These transactions involve 3 stages (Billy Steel, Money Laundering Stages of the Process): 2.2.1 Placement The first stage refers to the physical distribution of financial assets. It is the most dangerous one for the perpetuators as the money from illicit activities are introduces into the financial system. Money laundering is a cash intensive business generating huge amount of cash from unlawful activities (for example street drug dealing, where payment are made in cash). The proceeds are then place into financial institutions, in the retail economy or deposits out of the country. The principal aim of the launder is to deliberately remove the cash from the location of acquisition and to convert it into other assets so as to prevent detection from authorities. 2.2.2 Layering Layering involves creating complex layers of financial transaction designed to cover audit tails and provide secrecy. The first attempt is to disguise the origin and ownership of the funds by creating complex layers of transaction. The idea of the transaction is to disassociate the illegal funds to the source of the offence. Layering is the second stage, in which the funds are moved so as to veil or remove any whatsoever link from the crime committed to obtain the money. During the layering process, a number of accounts, financial institutions, companies, funds as well as the use of professionals such as brokers, lawyers and consultants as intermediaries could be involved   as this is where the money will be channeled. Assets that are bought through unlawful funds can be resold locally or abroad and as a result, the assets become more difficult to map out and seize. 2.2.3 Integration The final stage consists of the integration of the money in the legitimate economic and financial institution. Integration is the stage whereby takes place the creation of a legitimate basis for the asset origin. The launder make the money appear legally earned and cleaned. At this stage it is very difficult to distinguish by authorities the difference between legal and illegal wealth. The money is viewed as being legal, and the criminal can use it for any purpose. Illicit money is often removed from its country of origin to be cycled through the international payment system so as to blur any audit trait (Joyce, 2005). There are different ways in which the third stage of money laundering is done. For example, a credit card might be handed out by offshore banks, casino à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“winningà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? can be cashed out, capital gains on option, and stock trading might follow, and real estate sale might lead to profit. The proceeds of criminal acts could be generated from organized crime such as drug trafficking, people smuggling, people trafficking, proceeds from robberies or money acquired by embezzlement, tax evasion, fraud, abuse of company structures, insider trading, or corruption. Popular Methods of the launders at this part of the game is Sending fake import à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" export invoices and overvaluing the price of the goods. Consequently in allows the launders to more the funds from one company or country to another with the invoices serving as source of the capital place with financial companies. A simpler technique is to shift the money (via EFT) to a rightful bank from a bank owned by the launderers, as off the shelf banks are easily purchased in many tax havens. The establishment of unspecified company in countries where the right to concealment is guaranteed. In such case the launderer is in a position to grant loans from banks to undertake certain future legal transaction. In addition launders can claim tax relief on loan repayments and interest on loan so as to increase their profits. Most criminal acts are motivated by profit, argues Financial Intelligence Unit (2008). When substantial profits are generated from crime, perpetrators have to devise a means to control the assets in such a way that they do not attract attention to themselves or the crime committed. Thus, the money laundering process is crucial in order to enjoy the profit without arousing suspicion. 2.3 Problem statement: 2.3.1 Banking Secrecy: A major drawback of money laundering Banking secrecy is a professional obligation, meaning that financial institutions shall not expose a customers financial information and they even have the right to resist any third partys enquiries in order to protect the customers wellbeing. Secrecy laws have served to safeguard persons from financial failure in countries plagued by unsteadiness, fragile currency and run-away inflation rate. Wealthy individuals and political agents are also protected by allowing them to hide their possessions to avoid the risk of persecution (Savona, E.U, 1997). In some countries, for example in Switzerland, the revelation of secret banking information is punishable by law, whether it is intentional or unintentional (Corrado, M.G, 1988). In the world we are presently living, nobody can deny the fact that banking secrecy is the most significant weapon for money launderers. Some countries like Hong Kong, Switzerland, Panama are even known as notorious banking secrecy heavens. These jurisdictions really make the crime of money laundering more severe and out of control. For instance in Hong Kong, a new regulation was introduced in 2000 which requires banks to report suspicious transactions. This resulted in 6,100 suspicious transactions being reported in 2000 and 95% of them were from banks (www.hongkong.org/press/ny-021400.htm, 15th Aug 2001) 2.4 Combating Money Laundering: The Lifting of Banking Secrecy Despite being an important part of individual privacy, banking secrecy has to be lifted in some cases as it is equally important to fight against money laundering in order to guarantee a protected and safe society. The lifting of bank secrecy has already been embodied in the most vital international documents. Each party should authorize the court or other authority to order that financial or business reports should be made accessible or be seized under the 1988 Vienna UN Convention, the 1990 Strasbourg Convention and the 2000 Palermo US Convention specifically (United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, Art.5(3), 1990 Council of Europe Convention on Laundering, Search, Seizure and Confiscation of the Proceeds from Crime, Art.4(1), United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, Art.12(6)). The FATF recommended that financial institutions should concentrate on all unusual or large transactions, which have no evident economic or lawful purpose. Such transactions should be examined, written and be made available to supervisors, auditors and law enforcement agencies. If financial institutions doubt that proceeds come from a criminal activity, they are required to account for their suspicions to the expert authorities without delay (The FATF Recommendations on Money Laundering, 1996 Art 14, 15). These measures are innovative, modern and extremely different from the conventional banking system. In early times, the relationship between financial institutions and customers were founded on trust and confidence: neither the banker asked questions nor the customers made disclosures. The situation has now changed. Along with that, the way of thinking and attitude of bank directors, staff and that of management authorities have changed (Galvao G, 1997). 3.0 Research Methodology 3.1 Aims and Objective of the research The aim of the research is to identify evidence of banking secrecy and their effectiveness in combating money laundering. Cases of money laundering in Mauritius will be studied and analysed. Key principles from the anti-money laundering act and from regulations imposed by bank regulators (e.g. Financial Services Commission and the Bank of Mauritius) will be outlined. The study will then research on the measures taken by banks to fight against potential cases of money laundering in order to guarantee a protected and safe banking service. The lifting of bank secrecy has already been embodied in the most vital international documents. The objectives of this research are to: 3.2 Research Method A survey with a self-administered questionnaire will be the data collection technique used. The questionnaires will be sent to the senior managers, executives and branch managers of the identified banks in Mauritius. Visits to the company/meeting with the relevant person will be carried out where necessary to ensure maximum response and that questionnaire is being filled up by the addressee. Also, secondary data will be taken from company websites, reports and financial statement to supplement research. 3.3 Statistical Analysis of data After the questionnaire, the response will be input as data so as to make use of specific statistical technique. Thus SPSS statistical package will be used to analyze data for the findings of the research. 3.4 Benefits of the Research The research will be beneficial to: Companies Government Future Research Dissertations 3.4.1 Companies Combating money laundering will have a positive impact on companies: Through integrated management of financial crime operational efficiencies will improve The risk of corruption, identity crime and other criminal crimes will reduced considerably Reduced financial risk, reputational risk and legal risk Bad debts and fraud losses due to customer comprehensiveness 3.4.2 Government Money laundering has a negative effect on the economy, such as loss of control on the economical policy, economic distortion and instability. Moreover, government loss revenue as tax collection becomes more complicated and confusing. Therefore, the research will help to reduce these drawbacks. 3.4.3 Further Research Research will assist other researchers to make further research in the topic. Ghantt Chart Task/activity Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Choose topic à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ·Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Literature search à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ·Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ·Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ·Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ·Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Developing framework à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Design questionnaire à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ·Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ·Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Survey à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ·Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ·Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ·Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ·Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Data Input à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Analysis à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ·Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ·Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Writing up à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ·Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ·Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ·Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ·Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ·Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Submit à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Budget Analysis Expenditures Rs Consultants and contracts 1400 Travel 400 Supplies and materials 400 Communications (Telephone, postage, etc.) 150 Equipment (Purchase) 700 Other (Equipment rental, etc.) 400 Total 3450

Mechanisms of LSD :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Mechanisms of LSD: a Glimpse into the Serotonergic System In 1938, Albert Hoffman discovered, invented a substance that would revolutionize the American drug culture forever and would change how we, as psychologists and biologists, thought about psychosis. That substance was LSD. A simple molecule, LSD has the potency that no other drug has. Only a drop will produce the desired hallucinations and euphoria. In addition, it does not seem to be physically addicting, although tolerance to the drug can develop in as few as three days but disappears after week of abstinence. Much 'research' has been done into the actual effects of the drug. LSD most profound effect on behavior is the production of sensory distortions, such as hallucinations, and euphoria. It also produces dilated pupils, increased blood pressure, and increased heart rate (7, 9). However, little is know about the mechanisms by which it acts. It is known that LSD affects the serotonergic system in the brain. However, the actual ways in which it acts on that system to modify behavior remains unclear. Before we explore the current research into LSD, it may be helpful to review some of the ways in which serotonin affects behavior. Serotonin (also called 5-HT) is a neurotransmitter that is produced from tryptophan. Although serotonin is only produced by a small number of neurons (1000's), each of those neurons innervates as many as 500,000 other neurons (3,12). For the most part, these neurons originate in the Locus Coerleus (LC) and the Raphe Nuclei (RN) (12). The LC controls the release of n orepinephrine, a neurotransmitter/hormone that regulates the sympathetic NS. It also has neurons that extend into the cerebellum, thalamus, hypothalamus, cerebral cortex, and hippocampus (12). The RN extends its projections into the brainstem and up into the brain (12). It has been suggested that neurons in this region of the brain may be responsible for the inhibition of sensation, thus "protecting the brain from sensory overload." (12) The fact that these two regions innervate virtually every part of the brain shows that serotonin can activate large portions of the brain from a relatively small area of origination. Serotonin seems to have an inhibitory effect on these neurons (1, 12). Thus, it would decrease the occurrence and frequency of action potentials in the neurons that it innervates. Because of this, it produces neural activity (of lack of activity) that are in some way an inhibition of behavior. Mechanisms of LSD :: Biology Essays Research Papers Mechanisms of LSD: a Glimpse into the Serotonergic System In 1938, Albert Hoffman discovered, invented a substance that would revolutionize the American drug culture forever and would change how we, as psychologists and biologists, thought about psychosis. That substance was LSD. A simple molecule, LSD has the potency that no other drug has. Only a drop will produce the desired hallucinations and euphoria. In addition, it does not seem to be physically addicting, although tolerance to the drug can develop in as few as three days but disappears after week of abstinence. Much 'research' has been done into the actual effects of the drug. LSD most profound effect on behavior is the production of sensory distortions, such as hallucinations, and euphoria. It also produces dilated pupils, increased blood pressure, and increased heart rate (7, 9). However, little is know about the mechanisms by which it acts. It is known that LSD affects the serotonergic system in the brain. However, the actual ways in which it acts on that system to modify behavior remains unclear. Before we explore the current research into LSD, it may be helpful to review some of the ways in which serotonin affects behavior. Serotonin (also called 5-HT) is a neurotransmitter that is produced from tryptophan. Although serotonin is only produced by a small number of neurons (1000's), each of those neurons innervates as many as 500,000 other neurons (3,12). For the most part, these neurons originate in the Locus Coerleus (LC) and the Raphe Nuclei (RN) (12). The LC controls the release of n orepinephrine, a neurotransmitter/hormone that regulates the sympathetic NS. It also has neurons that extend into the cerebellum, thalamus, hypothalamus, cerebral cortex, and hippocampus (12). The RN extends its projections into the brainstem and up into the brain (12). It has been suggested that neurons in this region of the brain may be responsible for the inhibition of sensation, thus "protecting the brain from sensory overload." (12) The fact that these two regions innervate virtually every part of the brain shows that serotonin can activate large portions of the brain from a relatively small area of origination. Serotonin seems to have an inhibitory effect on these neurons (1, 12). Thus, it would decrease the occurrence and frequency of action potentials in the neurons that it innervates. Because of this, it produces neural activity (of lack of activity) that are in some way an inhibition of behavior.

Csr Framework

Theoretical Framework: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Definition CSR is a much broader concept than business ethics. Business ethics is the application of ethics and ethical theory to the decision of business. CSR claims that businesses are more than just profit-seeking entities and, therefore, also have any obligation to benefit society. CSR is about business and other organizations going beyond the legal obligation to manage the impact they have on the environment and society. In particular, this could include how organizations interact with their employees, suppliers, customers and the community in which they operate, as well as the extent they attempt to protect the environment. Nature According to Carroll’s four-part model, corporate social responsibility encompasses the economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic expectations [placed on organizations by society at a given point in time. Motivation To be corporate social responsible, businesses must go beyond profit-making to be responsible for a variety of stakeholder groups other than focusing exclusively on investors. It is applicable to both large corporations and SMEs. The firm goes beyond compliance and engages in ‘actions that appear to further some social good, belongs to the interests of the firm and that which is required by law’. Outcome The outcome of CSR includes financial performance, corporate reputation – brand & image, employee commitment, cost saving, customers, government, and competitiveness. Components There are six stakeholder groups considered as the most important influence factors in terms of corporations’ social responsibility. They are shown as followings: Customer responsibility practices It demonstrates customer commitment by providing high quality service that includes complete information, responding to customer complaints, and adapting products and services to enhance customer satisfaction. Employee responsibility practices This element includes equitable employee selection, promotion, and compensation practices, supporting employee educational development, and helping employees attain work-family life balance. Investor responsibility practices It encompasses the factors related to seeking investor input on strategic decisions, responding to investor needs and requests, and providing all investors with a competitive return on their investment. Supplier responsibility practices It focuses on developing long-term collaborative supplier relationships founded on open communication and information sharing, cooperative goal- and decision-making, and offering suppliers price guarantees for the future. Community responsibility practices It demonstrates voluntary commitment to improve the quality of life in their local communities by giving resources to local charities, and sponsoring cultural, sports, and education programs. Environmental responsibilities It integrates environmental sustainability goals and objectives in organizational operations. It is typified by voluntarily exceeding government environmental regulations, implementing environmental management systems. Influence Factors There are two types of Influence Factors in CSR, which are Macro Factors and Micro Factors. Macro Factors are the external elements affecting CSR strategy development of the company whereas Micro Factors are those internal elements having effect on CSR strategy decision making of the company. Macro Factors can be the environmental factors such as Political, Economical, Social and Technological elements. On the other hand, Micro factors can be Firm size, Budget, Top management commitment, Decision maker morality and Company culture.

A Rainy Day Essay Example

A Rainy Day Essay Example A Rainy Day Essay A Rainy Day Essay * To be a successful professional in a progressive organization that offer opportunities for advancement, which allow me to actualize the skills developed so far with a good potential for professional growth and further. EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION| * * * Qualification| Board/University| School/College| Passing Year| % of Marks| S. S. C. | G. S. E. B. | Gurukul Vidhyapith| 2007| 49. 23%| D. M. E| T. E. B. VallabhBhudhi Polytechnic| 2011| 51%| * PROFESSIONAL SKILLS| * Comprehensive problem solving abilities, excellent verbal and written communication skills, ability to deal with people diplomatically, willingness to learn team facilitator hard worker. * * * * * * * * PROJECTS (In Academic Years)| * A project is not a physical objective nor is it end result. It has something to do with the going on between its starts from sketches with a definite mission.Generic activities involving a variety of human and non-human resources all directed towards fulfillment. * Project on Studies of †Å"STRADLE MILLING FIXTURE†. My Experience| * I worked as workshop supervisor in Tata motors at Surat. * I worked as workshop supervisor in Mahindra presidents’ motors at Surat. * Presently Working in CTTS(Coil Tracking and Transporting System) department in Essar Steel Ltd,Hazira. on Contract basic CRM Plant. ACADEMIC ACHEIVEMENTS| â€Å"Elementary Drawing Grade Examination† at State Examination Board Gujarat State. Industrial Process Technology Visit| * Industrial training in Batliboi. ltd. At Surat. * Industrial training in PS. pvt. ltd. at Navsari. SOFTWARE PROFICIENCY| Programming Languages : C++, Auto Cad. Packages   :   MS Office PERSONAL INFORMATION| Name: Patel Abhishek Father’s Name : Patel Jitendrabhai Languages known: Gujarati, Hindi, English Date of Birth : 28th December, 1991Nationality: Indian Hobbies: Travelling,Music, Address :257,Saidham society,nr-vrundavan park society,aspass temple,godadara, surat-394210 Gender : Male Categories : S . T. DECLARATION| I hereby declare that the information above is true to the best of my knowledge. Yours sincerely, Patel Abhishek j.

5 Cases of Unnecessary Hyphenation

5 Cases of Unnecessary Hyphenation 5 Cases of Unnecessary Hyphenation 5 Cases of Unnecessary Hyphenation By Mark Nichol In each of the following sentences, one or more hyphens are extraneous. A discussion and revision follows each example. 1. Data is accurate and often delivered in real-time. â€Å"Real time† is a compound noun, and such nouns are almost invariably open or closed; hyphenated exceptions such as mind-set are rare. If a compound noun does not appear in the dictionary in closed form (or hyphenated), treat it as an open compound: â€Å"Data is accurate and often delivered in real time.† (However, do hyphenate such a compound that functions as a phrasal adjective before a noun, as in â€Å"This tool provides valuable real-time insight into the process.† Exceptions include standing open compound nouns that are listed in the dictionary, such as â€Å"income tax†: â€Å"This rule does not apply to income tax returns.†) 2. As companies become increasingly informa ­tion-driven, information technology plays a pivotal role in this transformation. When a phrasal adjective follows the noun it modifies, do not hyphenate it: â€Å"As companies become increasingly informa ­tion driven, information technology plays a pivotal role in this transformation.† (However, as alluded to in the previous discussion, hyphenate a phrasal adjective when it precedes a noun, as in â€Å"information-driven companies.†) 3. Companies need to get up-to-speed quickly on their regulatory requirements. The words in â€Å"up to speed† do not collectively modify anything, so hyphens are not required: â€Å"Companies need to get up to speed quickly on their regulatory requirements.† 4. Protocols with minimal-to-no tolerance for mistakes should clearly articulate what constitutes a mistake, and how to avoid making it. This sentence includes an unnecessarily hyphenated phrase that is incorrect for the same reason that the one in the previous example is. However, because a noun follows the phrase â€Å"minimal to no,† the phrase may be misidentified as a phrasal adjective. But minimal and no are distinct adjectives that do not combine with to to create a single modifier: â€Å"Protocols with minimal to no tolerance for mistakes should clearly articulate what constitutes a mistake, and how to avoid making it.† 5. Many residents were stunned by the apparently racially-inspired crime. Adverbial phrases in which the adverb ends in -ly, not to be confused with phrasal adjectives, are not hyphenated: â€Å"Many residents were stunned by the apparently racially inspired crime.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Idioms About Legs, Feet, and ToesDawned vs. DonnedA "Diploma" is not a "Degree"

Staffing and defining an arts organization Assignment

Staffing and defining an arts organization - Assignment Example that â€Å"Our main reason for being is to create theatre productions that reflect the Canadian experience of the past, present and future† (What we do, n. d.). The mission statement of the organization rest upon the values, which is expressed as- â€Å"we are very active in play development as a means of supporting Canadian playwrights and building the repertoire of Canadian plays† (What we do, n. d.). The director is more responsible for the artistic activities of the organization rather than engaging in the day to day activities of the organization. He must have the vision that the plays staged by the organization must be unique and uphold the values of the organization enunciated by the founder. He must be a person of long term vision as the organization’s future id relied upon how competent he is in keeping the studio upfront of similar organizations. Similarly, he must have good managerial abilities and leadership qualities as he is the person responsible for coordinating the whole activities of the organization. He should have a good foresight and motivational qualities. He must motivate the entire people in the organization so that the objectives can be

Visual Rhetorical Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Visual Rhetorical Analysis - Essay Example This essay focuses on analyzing visual documents, including pictures and diagrams that usually communicate or relay their messages using images and text-image interactions. Authors, photographers or artists of visual documents think no differently. The researcher states that designers are always involved in different and several practices that include taking photographs, making websites, and laying pamphlets. They usually take good care and ensure that their work does not lack the important and crucial visual appealing, as well as, the rhetorical effectiveness. This essay looks into succinct analysis of the photo provided using the various and common aspects of photo analysis. These aspects include color and color ratio, photo subject and its positioning, lighting, camera angle, and the photo framing. In conclusion, the researcher states that it is true that the author of the photo had immense creativity when he came up with the photo. His mission was to ensure that his message is pa ssed in a pictorial manner. Finally, the photo can also serve as a representation of any society in the world. They are the majority, and are responsible for the choice of leadership, as well as, their decisions. The leaders are represented by the bricked section of the wall. It is smallest, but that is just okay for them. They misuse their leadership power interfering with the common person. Reaction against them from the common person always make them fail. Generally, the picture is a representation of a non-ideal society.